UDC 623.764 Sapaty P.S.Holistic spatial analysis of distributed worlds. Mathematical machines and systems. 2022. N 2. Р.3–18. The paper investigates extended applications of the developed spatial grasp model and technology for analyzing large distributed systems and environments, as well as some examples of solving typical problems in them in the Spatial Grasp Language (SGL). The Spatial Grasp (SG) paradigm allows solving complex problems in a holistic and fully distributed way. It develops in distributed spaces as active ubiquitous waves or even viruses and grasps solutions to spatial problems in parallel pattern-matching mode, fundamentally differing from traditional representations of systems and their solutions as parts that exchange messages.The resultant Spatial Grasp Technology details are briefed where its SGL interpreters can be networked as powerful spatial computers covering any terrestrial and celestial environments and solving problems without any centralized resources. The extended areas for new SG applications include basic environmental issues, global systems, discovering new worlds, Earth science, and planetary exploration activities at NASA. The paper contains descriptions of solutions in SGL to practical problems related to different worlds, including group behavior of marine animals, details of geographical terrain, management of transport networks, and investigation of information networks. The developed paradigm allows direct expression of top semantics and holistic methods for solving complex problems and dynamically composes the needed implementation environments, thus providing the strictest way from problem definition to a practical solution. The formula-like high-level solutions in SGL are extremely compact, often a hundred times shorter than in other languages, and its implementation can be accomplished on any existing platforms, as for the previous language versions in different countries. Figs.: 9. Refs.: 42 titles.
Solution of different scientific, ecological and agricultural tasks with the use of aerospace images comprises a procedure of image classification. Classification is one of the most important procedures. Nowadays many supervised and unsupervised classification methods are applied in remote sensing. The most accurate results are obtained through the use of supervised classification methods. In this paper, there are proposed some new approaches to image classification which are based on supervised classification methods and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Different values of NDVI are noted to correspond to different classes of objects, such as soil, water, roads, sand, green vegetation, oil spills. Application of Vegetation Index is the first step of classification. Using NDVI, it is possible to select special necessary classes. After the application of NDVI, such classification methods as the parallelepiped method, Dempster’s rule, and Inagaki’s combination rule can be used. The current work describes the main advantages of these classification methods. It has been noted that the use of the parallelepiped method allows easy and quick processing of data. The paper also shows that Dempster’s combination rule and Inagaki’s combination rule can deal with inaccurate and incomplete data from different spectral bands. Moreover, these methods can process conflicting information. Dempster-Shafer theory has the advantage of high accuracy and simple calculations. In the paper, there is also considered a numerical example where NDVI and Inagaki’s combination rule has been used for detection and mapping of oil spills. Application of Vegetation Index and such supervised classification rules as the parallelepiped method, Dempster’s rule, Inagaki’s combination rule can be applied in ecological monitoring, mapping of petroleum spills, and solving agricultural tasks. Tabl.: 1. Refs.: 18 titles.
The article considers the possibility of using the Moore finite automat approach to create 3D resumes in recruitment, segmentation, and personnel training procedures. In this paper, a 3D resume is considered as a document (for example, an HTML document) that represents person's professional achievements in three dimensions (interactive presentation – text documents, videos, and online testing). The use of the automaton is designed to automate thesearch for questions and tasks of an interactive resume, depending on the respondent's previous answers. In this case,minimizing the number of internal states of the automaton is used to avoid duplication of questions during such a search. To implement the task, there is used the Moore automaton which is based only on input actions. For staff testing, there are created sets of questions or tasks. To each of the questions, there may be different ambiguous answers which do not fall under the operations of the logical data type but can be presented in the form of a scale of compliance with a certain established criterion. The minimization procedure itself is performed according to the Aufenkamp-Hohn algorithm. The paper solves the problem of minimizing thenumber of internal states of the automaton for creating a 3D resume and presents aconceptual scheme for implementing this tool for recruitment. The 3D resume is implemented on web platforms and can be used for comprehensive streaming testing of personnel selected for the needs of the organization, such as conducting a text survey or adding scanned educational documents or resumes, a survey with a video broadcast recording, solving problems or demonstrating skills using tools available on the web platform. The offered actionscan be used to create automated recruitment, segmentation, and training systems implemented both on web platforms and as software products for recruiting companies and large enterprises. Таbl.: 8.Figs.: 4. Refs.:14 titles.
The article is devoted to the issues of automating the construction of the genealogical tree of the family based on the pedigree, presented in the form of a text document, starting from the ancestor of the family to the rest of its members. The proposed method for constructing a tree does not depend on its branching and language. The software shell (program) MyDrevo, which is implemented in accordance with the method, uses prepared text documents to automatically generate «current» controls for the tree building process. The program converts the original text document of the pedigree into a tree-like structure, displaying it on the user’s control panel in a form convenient to work with, which allows the user to view the tree and edit its lines (branches). The MyDrevo program, which uses branches of the tree, ensures its recursive growth, maintaining strict «subordination» when new family members are included in the pedigree. In the process of building up, the tree is supplemented with flexibly constructed pedigree objects. In general, the MyDrevo program supports the automated construction of the pedigree in any form and any language. The program also allows automatic connection of comments, archives with various files included in them, and a group of sound (audio) files of participants of performances, files created in real-time mode, to any object of the tree. Theproposed program allows the automated building of the tree, providing automatic reverse conversion of it into the current text document of the pedigree. The current pedigree text document can be used regardless of the time and day on any PC in the local network, allowing combined (parallel) work with the tree (its correction). The proposed method of forming a tree can be applied in various fields, for example, in education, medicine, etc. In terms of its capabilities, the proposed method of forming, editing, and viewing a tree is comparable to thepopular MyHeritage system, but it is easier to manage and allows creating a tree in different languages. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 4 titles.
Housing and communal services in Kyiv have more than 10,000 multi-storey houses, and in Kyiv region, there are more than 5,000. Reducing energy consumption for housing, heat and water supply, and lighting services should be considered as reducing energy costs. The trouble-free operation of the equipment is of the utmost importance. Its resource on many utilities has a minimum margin of safety. Centralized analysis of the equipment control, accounting of motor resources and, accordingly, timely preventive work allow extending the service life of many components of engineering systems in the utility sector, transport, and industry. These problems are solved by distributed systems of automated control of engineering equipment, including control systems of the hot water supply scheme for modern new buildings. In modern new buildings, there is used a scheme of hot water supply (HWS) with two circulating pumps and the HWS regulator. The control cabinet, developed in the IMMSP of the NAS of Ukraine, is made on the basis of the MRTP-7 controller with the corresponding software consisting of general and special purpose programs. The article considers the principles of building a control system for hot water supply, considers the software functions of the system, presents a mathematical model of the HWS system, describes a laboratory test site for testing algorithms for HWP control and modeling the HWS control process. The scientific and technical solutions provided in the article can be used in the development of automated control systems for engineering equipment in the utility sector.Таbl.: 1. Figs.: 6. Refs.: 4 titles.
Decision-making is directly connected with purposeful human activity. All people are engaged in this process on a daily basis both personally and using automatic or automated systems.The paper considers the issues of decision-making technology in automatic and automated systems, identifies the main stages of decision making: data – information – knowledge – decision making – decision implementation. There are defined terms «data», «information», «knowledge», «decision», «implementation» which are used at the stages of decision making and decision implementation in automated and automatic control systems. In the paper, there are provided definitions of automatic and automated systems, robots as a separate class of automatic systems, as well as the next stage of development of robots – self-organizing automatic machines which are independently configured to perform various target functions based on the rules of acquiring knowledge. Some features of large systems such as industry or state are noted. For such systems, it is impossible to get all the necessary data about the processes that take place in them. Therefore, the information obtained as a result of their processing will not provide enough knowledge for decision-making on system management. Missing knowledge can be obtained thanks to the unformalized knowledge of people.The definition of unformalized knowledge is provided as well. The paper forms the principles of building automated and automatic systems using artificial intelligence and describes the sequence of control processes in any automatic or automated control system. Refs.: 3 titles.
The paper improves the web service Povitrya aimed at forecasting air pollution in case of man-made disasters by saving the configured CALPUFF atmospheric transport model in a pre-configured image and integrating into the system of software tools for the automatic creation of virtual machines from a pre-saved image after the user request. To do this, an image based on the Ubuntu operating system was configured in the Ukrainian National Grid Infrastructure, together with the necessary CALPUFF atmospheric transport model libraries. Based on the saved image, one can quickly create and run a virtual machine and start thecalculations. After the calculation, the Povitrya system removes the virtual machine, freeing up cloud resources for other tasks. The example of test calculations shows that due to the transfer of the module of calculation of atmospheric transport to the cloud infrastructure it was possible to reduce the calculation time of the CALPUFF model by almost 2 times, and the download time of weather forecast data was reduced by more than 10 times. In total, the system calculation time after the user's request was reduced by 4 times for the test configuration. In addition, theresilience of the system to cloud infrastructure failures has been increased. The created archive with the operating system and configured for the CALPUFF model runs can also be transferred to other private clouds (for example, Amazon, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure) and their virtual machines could be used. Thus, the developed web system corresponds to modern trends in the implementation of cloud computing technologies, if necessary, allows scaling and can be adapted to other private or public cloud computing infrastructures. The system is available for registered users by the link: http://cloud-2.bitp.kiev.ua/ airsystem_english/airsystem.html.Figs.: 8. Refs.: 6 titles.
The paper is devoted to solving the problem of the theory of three-dimensional quasi-stationary electromagnetic field generated by a non-contactinductometer in its interaction with the electrically conductive agricultural soil located below it at some distance and whose specific electrical conductivity is measured. The peculiarity of this study is that it is based on obtaining an accurate analytical solution to the problem of an electromagnetic field created by an arbitrary spatial circuit with a current (contactless inductometer model) located near a magnetized electrically conductive body with a flat surface (agricultural conductive soil model). Solutions made by taking into account the closed circuits are found in the form of squares for vector and scalar potentials, magnetic and electric field strengths in an electrically conductive medium without restrictions on the geometry of the circuits, environmental properties, and field frequency. Having a precise solution, in addition to the indisputable advantage associated with the validity of the results found, allows obtaining a number of consequences that are valid for an arbitrary field in the system. Another important consequence of an accurate solution is the conclusion that an inhomogeneous electromagnetic field when penetrating into an electrically conductive space with depth always attenuates faster than a homogeneous field. For pulsed fields, the calculation is limited to a certain period of time from the beginning of the current pulse, and the closer to the initial moment of time, the more accurately the electromagnetic field is calculated. Since the current pulse usually changes the fastest and reaches its highest values in a relatively short period of time, it is at this most important stage that the electromagnetic field is determined. Fig.: 1. Refs.: 8 titles.
QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND CERTIFICATION OF COMPUTER TECHNIQUE AND SOFTWARE
To ensure a high degree of operational reliability of electronic equipment, as well as maintenance, repair, and extending the service life of the equipment, there is proposed a support system that includes diagnostic and repair tools, sets of spare parts, and considered spare parts design taking into account the criteria of system reliability, i.e. composition and the number of spare parts which must ensure the functioning of systems with the necessary reliability indicators. The paper offers to use methods of calculating spare parts on the basis of more adequate models of reliability, which leads to more accurate forecasting of the required amount of spare parts and, consequently, to more efficient equipment of spare parts. It also provides anapproach to determine the nomenclature of spare parts sets based on more adequate failure models for calculating the number of spare parts. This leads to a more accurate forecast of thenumber of failures of the elements and the required number of spare parts and thus to a more efficient provision of spare parts sets (optimal number of spare parts). There are directly considered the method of determining the nomenclature of spare parts sets and the approach to calculating the number of spare parts for the sets. A single set of spare parts is intended for routine servicing of the equipment by means of replacing defective parts, for preventive maintenance and adjustment of the equipment under operational conditions. A single set of spare parts is provided for one specific product. Such a set includes electronic products (integrated circuits, semiconductor devices, resistors, capacitors, etc.), electrical products, protection and switching tools, lighting products, etc., standard replacement elements, individual assemblies and blocks, including purchased devices, accessories (control devices) and materials necessary for the maintenance and repair of equipment. Tabl.: 2. Refs.: 5 titles.
Since the current state of the contact network of electrified railways in Ukraine does not meet the requirements for ensuring the reliable operation of high-speed trains, the article proposes to improve the quality of service (control and repair) of the contact network in order to timely identify problem areas, thus contributing to the prevention of accidents on the railway. The article is devoted to solving the problem of determining the residual life of the contact wire (CW) of electrified railways. The article analyzes the types of CW wear and defines the main defining parameters. It is proposed to use the residual height of the section and the area of the worn part of the CW section as the determining main parameters of the wear. The permissible degree of CW wear has also been established. On the basis of the experimental data, the residual life of the CW was determined. In the paper, there are proposed and developed criteria for assessing the residual life of the CW that allow reducing operating costs by increasing the overhaul interval. It is offered to use a probabilistic-physical approach to assess the real technical condition and predict the residual life of products when there are no failure statistics. Within the framework of the probabilistic-physical approach, a probabilistic model (DM-distribution of failures) is involved in the assessment of durability, the parameters of which have a physical interpretation – the average rate of change of the determining parameter (validity criterion) and the coefficient of variation of the generalized degradation process. In addition, the article provides several examples of residual life calculations that demonstrate the use of two probabilistic-physical methods for estimating the residual life of the CW, namely, the ones based on the results of controlled operation and the statistics of failures and recovery of the CW. The obtained calculated data correspond to the current recommendations for the average frequency of the current repair of the CW sections. Таbl.: 5. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 5 titles.
The aim of the article is to analyze the security of modern computer networks for the development of technical solutions used in the creation of corporate networksand to present practical applications for information security in the enterprise. One of the most important parts of the information infrastructure of modern enterprises and many government organizations are corporate networks. Since the operation of corporate systems can take place in an open environment, the failure of such a system or distortion of the subsystem of access to information resources actually means the cessation of the enterprise. The article considers the issues of methodological and technical aspects of information protection it the enterprise. Theissues of application of network technologies for the implementation of security policy and levels of access to information are considered. Issues of security and access to information at different levels are considered and analyzed, taking into account technical and personnel support. The principles of construction used in network planning and decision-making are defined. The structure of the corporate network and the methodology of its creation are considered. The methods of realization of the corporate network of the enterprise taking into account the issues of security and protection of information are given. Theoretical and methodological bases for designing a corporate network for the information security of the enterprise are proposed. The article presents the technologies used in the creation of corporate networks. The methodology of creating a corporate network is considered, namely, what are the requirements for the corporate network and the technical objectives of the corporate computer network. As a result of the research, an updated scheme of the corporate computer network (for the implementation of computer security) was developed and the security system of the corporate computer network was presented. Fig.: 1. Refs.: 5 titles.
This is a sequel to the previous seven books on high-level management of large distributed systems. Born half a century ago before the Internet and called WAVE in its infancy the developed model and technology were tested on numerous applications in different countries. The book is focused on their extended applications including new worlds of terrestrial and celestial nature, global systems, and NASA strategic research areas and technologies.It presents the main ideas of the Spatial Grasp (SG) paradigm and details of its key Spatial Grasp Language (SGL), including its philosophy, methodology, syntax, semantics, and interpretation in distributed systems. The scenario pattern in SGL spatially propagates, replicates, modifies, covers, and matches the distributed worlds in a parallel wave-like mode, allowing us to evaluate large distributed phenomena by their physical or virtual coverage. The solutions in SGL contain the investigation of the regions of interest like hurricanes and forest fires, with similar techniques applicable for celestial cases, and show how to find images in arbitrary distributed networks using the spatial graph-pattern matching technique. It provides the investigation of group behavior of ocean animals, discovery of unknown terrain features, and path-findings in large transport networks.Comparison of SGL with other programming, specialized, and natural languages shows simplicity and compactness of the obtained solutions, due to SGL operating directly on the distributed networked bodies in a holistic, parallel, and pattern matching mode. The relation of SGL to some higher mental concepts has been investigated by showing how to simulate gestalt psychology principles and maintain global awareness and consciousness of distributed systems by SGL recursive virus-like spatial coverage. The results confirm the potential applicability of the developed paradigm, language, and technology for solving much broader range of problems related to large unknown worlds. The approach can also be used for the high-level formulation of key problems and their solutions instead of natural languages, due to the clarity and compactness of the resulting descriptions.
