Sapaty P.S. Holistic Spatial Management of International Security. Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N 4. P. 11–25.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel high-level distributed processing and control approach capable of finding runtime solutions for irregular, crises, and security problems emerging any time and in any points of the world. The offered model and technology are based on spatial matching of distributed dynamic systems by self-navigating, self-replications and self-modifying spatial patterns expressed in a special high-level recursive language. It has been found that the described approach, previously prototyped and tested in different countries on numerous civil and defence applications, may be especially effective for solving crises and security problems covering large territories. Based on free movement of recursive scenario code in distributed spaces with implanted communicating interpreters of the scenario language (with may account up to millions to billions of nodes and work without any central resources), the approach has no limitations for solving local and global system problems. The technology basics can be implemented in a short time and by a small group of system programmers even within traditional university environments, as was done for its previous versions in different countries. The approach also has high social implications and value which resulted in the new book on holistic spatial management of large social systems, cited in the current paper. The technology is unique so far, with its holistic and gestalt-inspired solutions grasping spatial environments directly being much shorter and simpler than under other models and languages, as most of traditional and boring system routines are hidden inside intelligent, networked, and automatic language interpretation. Figs.: 13. Refs.: 46 titles.
INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
UDC 004.6
Golub B.L., Gudz A.V., Bushma A.V. Decision support information system in the process of growing biotechnical objects. Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N 4. P. 26–35.
The article is devoted to the problem of solving problems associated with the analysis of the state of agricultural plants in the process of their cultivation. Among these problems there were highlighted the problems associated with the timely introduction of nutrients and the identification of plants affected by harmful substances. A system consisting of three subsystems is proposed: primary collection, storage, analysis. The first subsystem includes a chronofluorometer and a device for measuring the number of mycotoxins. Among the wide range of parameters that characterize the condition of agricultural plants, the following are considered: the presence of mycotoxins, the content of chlorophyll in the plant with the measurement of additional chemical fertilizers and biological additives, and etc. Also, as an additional data source, we use the NDVI plant vegetation index calculation based on satellite images. The second subsystem is represented from a technical point of view by a computer. On the informational point of view, relational and data storage. The third subsystem implements data analysis using modern information technologies such as OLAP and Data Mining. The results of the application of these technologies for the analysis of mycotoxins are given. The system architecture is presented, the main functions of which are: managing the measurement of plant growth parameters using various biosensors, transferring the obtained data to a mobile device with further accumulation in the central repository, analyzing and predicting the processes associated with growing crops. Since the system uses data mining methods, it will provide an opportunity to find new knowledge or patterns. Due to this, it is supposed to increase the efficiency of growing crops. Таbl.: 1. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 14 titles.
UDC 004.9:004.75
Lysetsky Yu.M., Tatarenko M.A. Oracle Virtualization Technologies. Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N 4. P. 36–43.
Virtualization technologies are one of the key components of modern IT infrastructure. This is due to the increase in computing power of computers, the bandwidth of their interfaces, capacity and responsiveness of storage systems. As a result, having such capacities on one physical server, it is possible to transfer all servers operating in an organization to a virtual environment. Today, the main players in the virtualization market are arranged in the following order: VMware, Microsoft, Red Hat, Oracle, Virtuozzo, Citrix, Huawei, and Sandfor. Despite the fact that Oracle is not a leader in this area, it has significant advantages if an organization already uses any Oracle software or hardware. In this case, the use of Oracle virtualization technologies is technically justified and economically feasible, as they allow you to efficiently download processor resources and make it possible to save on software licenses. Oracle has developed three main types of server virtualization: Oracle VM for X86 (Oracle VM) – virtualization for X86 servers with the ability to use on Noname servers Xen hypervisor; Oracle VM for SPARC (LDOM) – virtualization for Oracle SPARC servers (T-series), where the Solaris11 domain acts as the hypervisor; Dynamic Domains (HW domains) is virtualization for Oracle SPARC servers at the High-End level (M-series), where the hypervisor and virtualization are implemented at the hardware level. The introduction of virtualization technologies reduces the cost of acquiring and maintaining server systems, reduces the time required to recover information, allows reducing server fleets, IT staff, cloning virtual machines, and also simplifies their maintenance. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 3 titles.
UDC 004.942
Chesanovsky M.S. Formal-algorithmic and program implementation of models of case data about the drilling process. Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N4. P. 44–55.
The expediency and prospects of hybridization of case-based considerations and specifications of information-search constraints based problems are analyzed. The results of the formal-algorithmic implementation of case data models on the drilling process by simulating the corresponding typical cases are generalized. It is shown that the case is a kind of instance for the process of solving a technological problem that occurs during the drilling process. There are two main components of the case – the actual description of the problem and the solution of the current technological problem as such. As a result, the proposed methodology is based as much as possible on previous experience of the intellectual system in the form of already solved successful cases from which a possible set of relevant controllable parameters of the technological process is formed, respectively. At the same time, the whole process of modifying adaptation of cases is proposed to be regarded as a process of solving information retrieval problems with imposed constraints, which makes it possible to develop a very effective methodology that can be extended to a number of subject areas. With the help of relevance of the case at a given time point it is possible to set limits on which it is necessary to inform operators about the correspondence of the received values to the expected in the case. It makes sense in real-time when applying cases that have reports of danger or incorrect drilling rig settings, which can lead to excessive wear, stopping, or malfunctioning of the drilling rig. The conducted testing of the system has confirmed the success of the operation of the designed information intelligent decision on the set of actual data on the process of drilling of oil and gas wells. Figs.: 6. Refs.: 10 titles.
SIMULATION AND MANAGEMENT
UDC 621.771:67.02.001.57
Ievlev M.G.Requirements analisis for the accuracy of mathematical models of rolling parameters for ACS TP of rolling stands. Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N 4. P. 56–68.
One of the most important indicator of the rolling stand operation is the accuracy of the implementation of the specified geometric dimensions of rolled products. Largely, this indicator depends on the accuracy of prediction of rolling parameters according to mathematical models.Therefore, determining the accuracy requirements of these mathematical models is an urgent task.In the process of automatic calculation of the control of the mode of compression on the rolling mill, mathematical models of the basic rolling parameters are used to ensure the required accuracy of the specified values of the coordinates of the automation object. At the same time, obtaining high accuracy characteristics is associated with stricter requirements to the quality of technological information, complication of models and procedures for their adaptation.In this regard, it is advisable to assess the impact of the accuracy of mathematical models of various parameters on the deviation of the latter from the given values and their significance in meeting the basic requirements for automated control systems. The paper analyzes accuracy requirements of mathematical models of rolling parameters for the automated process control system of rolling stands; expressions are obtained that make it possible to determine the allowable errors of rolling effort, deformation of horizontal and vertical stands, natural and additional broadening. The outlined approach for determining the accuracy requirements for mathematical models of rolling parameters was used in the development and implementation of automated rolling process control systems on a number of rolling stands. The mathematical models developed in accordance with these requirements showed high results in forecasting accuracy and ensured the necessary accuracy in the implementation of specified geometrical dimensions with automatic control. Refs.: 12 titles.
UDC 004.9
Kropotov P.P. Assessment of the safety (risk) monitoring methods. Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N 4. P. 69–77.
The problems of the security monitoring system in Ukraine are determined by a high level of anthropogenic load (5–6 times higher than the average European level) and the presence of territories with an extremely high degree of risk of emergency situations (ES).As the statistics testifies, the risk of their occurrence on the territory of Ukraine remains high, which puts the problem of preventing emergency situations to the priorities of civil defense. Existing methods of «paper» monitoring, in particular methods of inspections and time reporting were analyzed, their obsolescence and inefficiency were proved for assessing the state of safety under current conditions, and attention was focused on the expediency of determining the calculated risk values for monitoring parameters, monitoring functions in depending on the goals, it was proposed to create a three-level monitoring system, the main tasks of which should be to ensure measures to prevent emergencies, identify and consistently reduce to the minimum the risk of emergencies, forecasting and assessing their socio-economic consequences, determining, based on the forecast, the need for forces, means, material and financial resources, developing scientifically-based recommendations for adopting effective management solutions for emergency response. The structure of this system is based on the use of the existing regulatory framework and on the principles of a risk approach, in which the monitoring process is considered as part of the information security technology. A block diagram of this system is given and the subjects of monitoring at the state level are defined, in addition, the proposed option provides for the granting of greater powers to the territorial subsystem of the unified state system of civil protection. From the informational point of view, the basic principles have been defined, to which the newly created security monitoring system should correspond.The effectiveness of using the proposed option is evaluated. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 12 titles.
UDC 681.513 Brovarets O.O. Mathematical model of operation of the lever suspension of working electrodes of information technology system of local operational monitoring of the agrobiological state of the soil environment. Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N4. P. 78–86. The existing methods of managing the agrobiological state of the soil environment according to the existing methods do not take into account the variability of their parameters over the area of agricultural land. The most effective way of on-line monitoring of the agrobiological state of agricultural land is to measure the conductive characteristics of the soil environment. Electroconductive properties of the soil environment are a complex indicator of its agrobiological state, taking into account the hardness, humidity, nutrient content in the soil, etc. The information and technical system of local operational monitoring of the agrobiological state of agricultural land is used: before performing a technological operation, simultaneously with performing a technological operation (sowing, mineral fertilization, etc.), during the vegetation development and after harvesting. A mathematical model was built to determine the optimal operating parameters and modes of operation of the information and technical system of local operational monitoring the variability of the agrobiological state of the soil environment of agricultural land depending on the mechanical and structural parameters and the type of suspension of its working electrodes. This model makes it possible to optimize the operating parameters and modes of operation of the information and technical system of local operational monitoring of the variability of the agrobiological state of the soil environment of agricultural land depending on the mechanic and structural parameters and the type of suspension of its working electrodes, and accordingly to ensure maximum performance of such systems when obtaining reliable data taking into account the agrobiological state of the soil environment. This model makes it possible to provide effective management of the quality of execution of technological operations. This opens up new perspectives for organic farming using such “smart” agricultural machines. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 8 titles.
QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND CERTIFICATION OF COMPUTER TECHNIQUE AND SOFTWARE
UDC 621.3.019.3
Fedukhin O.V., Cespedes Garcia P.D. On the issue of the structure of fault-tolerant computers of Stratus Computer Inc.Mathematicalmachinesandsystems. 2018. N 4. P. 87–100.
The article is devoted to the issues of engineering of fault-tolerant computers. The aim of the researches is to analyze the technical and software solutions used to create modern fault-tolerant computers, as well as to consider the possibility of using the quasi-bridge structure developed by the authors as the basic structure for creating fault-tolerant computers. It is known that the main ways of ensuring the fault tolerance of computer hardware are: synthesis of electronic circuits in the form of d-fault-free combinational circuits and digital automata; redundancy at the level of elements, functional components and computational tools in general. Nowadays, the methods of synthesis of reliable digital automata, unfortunately, are limited by the dimension of the synthesized object, they are very complex, require large amounts of calculations and, as a result, no less complex procedures for proving the achieved level of fault tolerance. Fault-tolerant methods with redundancy are simpler and more obvious, because they do not require additional proof of the achieved level of fault-tolerant. This explains their widespread use in the creation of modern fault-tolerant computers and computer systems. Therefore, an important task of engineering is the development of methods and means of integrating the original non-redundant components into fault-tolerant computers, namely the development of fault-tolerant architectures and hardware structures and operating systems supporting them and special software. Stratus Computer Inc.company occupies a leading position in the market of fault-tolerant technologies. Fault- tolerant of Stratus computers is achieved through original architectural solutions and the implementation of the “Non-Stop” technology, which ensures the user uninterrupted operation of the computer system as a whole. Stratus computers are widely used in telecommunications, banking, stock exchange and many other applications, as well as the basis of computer systems of well-known major companies.Figs.: 8. Refs.: 16 titles.
UDC 081.32-192
Butsenko Yu.P., Savchenko Yu.G. Reliability indicators of high-availability clusters as redundant systems with structural redundancy.Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N 4. P. 101–108.
The problem of ensuring the reliability of electronic systems in conditions of limited reliability of their components is considered. This problem arose long ago and, as experience of application of existing methods for solving it shows, can be solved on the basis of the introduction of hardware redundancy only.A retrospective analysis of the characteristic realizations of such methods shows that in the last decade there has been a very noticeable expansion of the scope of electronic fault-tolerant systems. If earlier this sphere was limited mainly to systems and equipment for defense and industrial purposes, nowadays fault-tolerance systems are widely used in spheres of commerce and banking so. In these cases, serious mass-dimensional and even cost restrictions disappear and computers and servers become typical components of the system. For example, the term “high-availability cluster” has emerged relatively recently and is used to describe banking data storage systems, computer systems for managing commercial networks, telecommunication systems and etc. Moreover, from the point of view of traditional terminology, in all these cases we are dealing with redundant systems with a loaded reserve.Summarizing existing data recovery procedures in redundant structures, it can be stated, that nowadays there are only three types of algorithms for their functioning: 1) majority, 2) adopted majority, 3) double-pair processing with instantaneous disconnections of failed pairs.In the paper, based on analysis carried out, the computational relationships are calculated to estimate the reliability indexes of the basic versions of structures with hardware redundancy and data recovery algorithms for the failure of part of structure components. The relationships obtained allow us to establish connections between the probability of failure-free operation of the cluster, the level of redundancy and probability distribution functions for the components. It is shown that for redundant systems various purposes (in particular-real time control systems), the main indicator of reliability along with time to failure is the probability of error-free operation It is this indicator, in fact, that determines the level of security of automated control. Refs.: 4 titles.
UDC 621.3.019.3
Mukha Ar.A. Practical aspects of the dependability of the control and information system for the railway crossing “Blagovist”. Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N 4. P. 109–116.
The paper considers the questions of engineering of dependable computer systems. The analysis of technical equipment and solutions on the implementation of the attributes of the dependability was carried out. As an example, the problem of the safe crossing of railway crossings was considered, which is now particularly relevant for all industrialized countries in connection with the increase in the intensity and speed of train traffic. This is due to the fact that modern systems of automatic crossing signaling and automatic barriers have a number of ideological and technical deficiencies that do not allow ensuring a high level of traffic safety for crossings. The basis for this example was the control and information system for railway crossings of the “Blagovist” series. The “Blagovist” system provides for increasing traffic safety through crossings, by raising the awareness of traffic participants about the train situation at the crossing and its approaching areas by introducing modern information technologies. The paper describes in details the hardware and technical solutions that were introduced under the development of the system for railway crossings. It was demonstrated both during the development of the control and information system, based on the fault tolerance platform, the basic requirements for secure computer systems were implemented. According to the example of the described system, the strategy of implementation of partial fault tolerance is substantiated, - fail-safety. In accordance with the fail-safety strategy, technical, software and algorithm of the system operation are considered.The paper provides an attributive model of the computer systems' reliability. According to the above model, the main methods are considered, thanks to the introduction of which it became possible to increase the level of the corresponding attributes.Refs.: 11 titles.
UDC 691.3.019.3
Fidarov T.Z. The main factors of the control technology of life cycle of two classes of computer systems with a developed external infrastructure. Mathematical machines and systems. 2018. N 4. P. 117–133.
It is proposed a specialized life cycle (LC) model of two classes of computer systems (CS) with a developed infrastructure. The LC model includes the technological processes of each stage of the LC of the CS, starting from the stage of selecting the CS (and/or their design) according to the results of the Customer’s cost and time expenditures (calculated using standard methods) for the entire LC of the CS - to investigate the dynamics of the CS LC with adequate mathematical models. The LC model of the CS is focused on the study of an industrial-grade CS (IG CS) and dependable critical-use CS (DCU-CS). To obtain the characteristics (parameters and attributes) of the CS at the operational stages and/or specific intervals of their LC, firstly, it is recommended to use software for measuring the duration, numbers and recording moments of some selected for research discrete events (processes) occurring in the CS. After statistical processing of measurement data and their identification as real characteristics of the CS operation for the measured period, the probabilistic characteristics of random processes in the CS are calculated (the distribution of failures and faults of the devices and nodes of the CS, the intensity of requests to the CS from the infrastructure, etc.) and the results of these calculations as input data for research purposes will allow reproducing similar processes in analytical and simulation models. Such models can be used not only in the investigation, but also in predicting the CS behavior at any of the subsequent stages of the LC, for which a specialized analytical and simulation modeling software (ASM) is being developed that integrates the analytical and simulation models of the classes of CS that are justified in practice. This will allow solving new and actual research tasks on the structure and organization of the functioning of a CS, which cannot be solved only with the use of measurement procedures and/or strictly analytical models. Таbl.: 1. Fig.: 1. Refs.: 21 titles.
